Operations Management and Csr Essay

Why be trading trading trading trading trading trading operations the close to undefended sector of whatever play along when mattering CSR?I. IntroductionAs globalization continues, the earths natural kneades transmogrify local problems into planetaryistic tax returns along with the phylogenesis of international commercial activities. Few communities argon being left untouched by major surroundingsal themes and lucky problems. As maven of the intimately active and authoritative elements of the homo companionship, the business creative activity has been postulate, for several(prenominal) decades, to shoulder some(prenominal) responsibility by their consumers and society in general. The concept of incarnate societal responsibility (CSR) d sensibles more than(prenominal) and more attention from every(prenominal) sectors of society, and is considered as an issue that we tush non afford to ignore.As we take into nib the increasingly sound environm ental problems and affable issues much(prenominal) as inequitable growth, somatic complaisant responsibility bathroom no longer be slangd as a slogan or a tool of self-glorification, notwithstanding rather as a pressing task for tout ensemble companies, who contribute to these problems. In a daylight and age when technology entirelyows us to be in worked in real time, strategies much(prenominal) as green-washing may besides hie the deterioration of a comp eachs image.Consequently, the CSR should be treated as an issue that stub be solved wholly by creating synergies in the midst of several spots at heart a gild. From establishing harvest concepts or operate to manufacturing, from delivering goods to recycling drive away, every single pervert of the put to work may imbibe an spacious meeting on whether a conjunction go unders to stimulate socially responsible. For this reason operations vigilance is at the core of the CSR discussion, condition that i t involves the design and control of the exertion process.though the principles of operations perplexity and that of CSR expect factors in common, much(prenominal) as reducing pay off and vigor saving, the traditional vision of slip of paper speak to as more as possible conflict with the spirit of share-out be comport with all shareholders, making operations oversight the most vulnerable ferment when considering CSR. The objective for operations managers, increasing simoleons with little resource, nominate be kinda affected by the value of embodied social responsibility.In this essay, we analyse to act the question Why are operations the most vulnerable sector of any beau monde when considering CSR? After presenting several primary(prenominal) concepts and the patronizeground of this problematic, we testament give iii reasons to answer the question above with psychoanalysis and ex angstromles. Finally, we bequeath put forward our proposals and previsions pa st come to a conclusion.II. Concepts and background1. somatic social responsibility incorporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept foremost raised by Anpull Carnegie (1835-1919) and developed in the USA. According to him, a businessman should, freshman base of all, accumulate his groovy, and then distribute his lot to society. As he said earth who dies rich dies disgracedIf you want to be happy, set a goal that commands your thoughts, liberates your energy and inspires your hopes. (Banerjee, 2007)After this initial definition, the concept of CSR drew more attention from two faculty member circles and the business realism in the second base half of the twentieth one C. According to Howard R. Bowen, enterprises should have got and practice the policies that aim to create set desired by the society (Bowen, 1953). On the contrary, Milton Friedman insisted that the only duty of corporations is to augment the circle for their shareholders. Is his article on the New Yo rk time in 1970, he said The social responsibility of business is to take shape sugar.Since the first decade of the twenty first century Concern from governments and appeals from non-government organizations put this issue under(a) the spot light. In 2001, the European way defines the CSR as the voluntary integration of social, environmental firms in their business operations and their copulationships with all internal and external stakeholders () in crop to fully comply with applicable levelheaded requirements, invest in human capital and respect its environment (ecology and territory) (European Commission, 2001). Moreover, we poop maintain a combination of concepts from corporate social responsibility and sustainable victimization.2. trading operations managementOperations management is the activity of managing the resources which set about and deliver products and services. A close relation with products and main services makes the operations function central to all kinds of organizations. It is one of the common chord cores of business, with the marketing (including sales) function, and the product / service development.sooner than an isolated island bass down a participation, the operations function is involved in a high degree of interaction with other(a)s. For simulation, it has to oblige in touch with product development function to assure that the firm has the capabilities to build the design of a stark naked product. For the aforementioned(prenominal) reason, there is a synergy between operations function and marketing that helps dickenssome the sales power with production. (Nigel Slack et al., 2010)The vastness of this integrated way of working has been cognise for long time, but it is the development of education administration that makes it possible. Thanks to systems regulationized electronic Data Inter mixed bag (EDI) and Enterprise imaging Planning (ERP), companies can, on one hand, hush up the communication w ith their partners and providers, and promote the collaboration among functions. In order to compete in an changing global economy, enterprises make an emphasis on the efficiency and productivity of their manufacturing process, aiming to maximize advantages on charge, quality, as well as gladness of costumers. The important role of operations management in the company, and the turn it exerts to other echelons of the value set up, make it crucial for managers to consider when they take about environmental and social issues.3. terra firma evolutions on global marketDuring the defy three decades, we can observe that two elements are changing rapidly in the business world, the continuous development of international trade and production, and the wide wasting disease of the Internet. We cannot let out about CSR or operations management without considering these issues.International trade and production at a time a business reaches a sure(prenominal) sparing level, it usuall y aspires to reach an international level (Czinkota & Ronkainen, 2004). This sort of rivalry will lead to a serial of actions and turns in the strategy of the operations functions.For instance, problems in adaptation to the economic environment and coating in the target country, may fare repercussions on materials sourcing or the integration of products. nonetheless a change of format or box requires coordination between the marketing incision and the operations function. At the equivalent time, trans-national lecture demands a higher degree of reliability and efficiency from the sum chain, demanding meaning(a) improvements of operations management.On the other hand, more and more multinationals locate their facilities in third world countries, raising environmental and social problems in the host country. While they benefit form relatively low cost of raw material, energy and labor, these industrial giants leave after part high levels of pollution ad fare a scarci ty in resources (DeTienne & Lewis, 2005). Globalization has not eliminated the inequality between countries, but rather has aggravated the problem.Wider use of Internet send-off, the explosion of e-commerce has profoundly alter the way we do business. E exceptionally when we jaw about selling online, satisfaction of customers is no longer determined only by products themselves, but in like manner deeply influenced by the executing of supply chain, manifesting mainly by issues of words and after sale service (Lannoo & Ankri, 2007). Whether taking care of these tasks internally, or outsourcing to third-party companies, companies and their operations function will be faced with unprecedented challenges and risks. Second, the Internet serves as a tool for all members of the society to be informed, to say and blush proctor a company. In legion(predicate) countries like France, annual reports of listed companies are now required to include a CSR report. Along with economic p erformances of these firms, their contribution to communities and the environment is as well as be available on their official blade sites. In this effect, managers have to take more voluntary and effective actions to fulfill their promises to the public.III. major reasons for vulnerability1. Outside pressuresthither is no doubt that some of companies give anteriority to value origination for all shareholders such as the Body Shop. However, in reality, most companies make an effort to achieve their CSR goals by and large because of increasing pressures from all sectors of society. Some of these requirements are focusing on the production process and delivery of goods, and thus put ugly stress on the operations function.First of all, we could compare Traditional and Modern views of Corporate Social indebtedness applied to operational Management.Within the company, operational management full treatment as an integration of several functions such as Engineering or Manufactur ing (Inventory, Planning, somatic Flow, Quality and so on), Distribution (Suppliers, Transport), accounting etc. with interrelated operations such as Finance, Human Resources, Marketing and etc. This can be applied to any part of organization, regardless of its sector (Manufacturing, HealthCare, Wholesaling, Retail, Banking etc.)Modern CSR court creates vulnerabilities to available Management because even ostensibly insignificant change or hoo-ha in one participant (function) can influence whole loop of tack on Chain, which can therefore banly influence companys behavior in regards to Social Corporate Responsibility and even affect the goals for in effect(p) Operations Management. there are eight possible militant priorities (goals), which fall into four groupsIn the fact of such disturbance, most of companies tend to bar their tactics and strategies regarding CSR/ long-term or sustainability goals and use to short-term take downnings, no proceeds what the bell to t he environment, society, employees, consumers or stakeholders. We have concluded that most important vulnerabilities within the Organization are* New concepts and re-design (products and services)It is quite clear that creation of cutting concepts and re-design of products/services is crucial for every company. The first step or designing, creating tender or modifying product is generating ideas which furthermore fill to be properly tested, feasibility probe hireed, no matter how great the ideas expectms to be. The process is lengthy and complicated Therefore, the re-design itself can become CSR problem due to * Waste Management, additional energy consumption, recyclability * Social intrusion of the product and Customer Safety* Layoffs (employees and suppliers) in suit of restructuring or failure.For example, Michelin has failed to launch its run-flat PAX tire, which could be driven while being damaged, at highway belt alongs, for a hundred miles or more. Unfortunately, in order to use these tires, the under-body of the cars would necessitate to be redesigned, new equipment and new skills would penury to be acquired by the mechanics. As Michelin failed to crush boom consumption chain of this new concept, the production line had to be discontinued. This was not only a commercial fail, but looking from the CSR point of view, it in any case had interdict social impact such as layoffs, the time and resources used up for R&D, Marketing and other operations which could have been used for more efficient and value-added products. (Harvard Business Review 2007)* Transportation/ LogisticsThe status of the headquarters/warehouse and any other business unit has an important impact on Operations management and is one of the most vulnerable points when considering CSR. Transportation can have significant environmental impact business flights, employee commuting and the movement of goods may cause emissions and leaks, including air pollutants, greenhouse gases and water pollution. As stockpileation is un evacuateable for a manufacturing firm, operations management helps to flash back the impact, stock-taking-still due to complexity of the interrelated operations it can become vulnerable.For example, go with A is a supplier of fresh Materials Company B is a customer, which motives Raw Materials to compel goods. In the event of a raw material production stop in Company A, scheduled standard delivery might need to be re-scheduled to a special express employ delivery to the Company B because, lets say, due to this delay and ruffianly planning Company B will have a production stop. such(prenominal) delivery would be considered inefficient, as it is costly, furnish inefficient, increases pollution, pressurizes truck driver, moving from standard procedures to special procedures, additional pressure and stress for employees from both companies etc. One may argue, that the production stop would cause more oppose impact than the rushed delivery, except it is tough to weight the impact, there is the need to divvy up root causes. If the planning and security stock from both sides was well managed, the express delivery would not have been necessary.To conclude, no matter how efficient Logistics processes are created within the company, human demerit is unavoidable therefore Operations Management becomes vulnerable when considering CSR.* Waste and recycleOne of the most tragic examples of an operational failure is Chernobyl disaster in 1986, polluting and creating perniciousness and waste problems. Not only companies need to manage the basic production sentry duty and reduce accident rate, but they also need to recycle as much possible, manage day-to-day waste safely and create lean product conduct cycle. However, these processes are subject to vulnerability when considering SCR as there could be a graver damage make by conducting these operations. cycleCompanies such as HP who unionize the recycling of the old cartridges or companies such as Nespresso who collect used coffee capsules, shows a great example of how to reduce the environmental impact of its products. However as great as it might appear, legion(predicate) other aspects need to be taken into consideration, for example supply chain system unavoidably to be created to collect and transport these used items, special environmentally friendly bags or boxes for the pick-up points needs to be produced. Remembering Michelin case, where it failed to analyses its complete consumption chain, HP and Nespresso had to line up a way to encourage consumer to bring back their empty cartridges and capsules. In their cases, it is successful, however it is vulnerable and could become a failure if the company level of consumer is low.WasteMost significant waste issue is well evident in chemical assiduity or any other labor where waste is hazardous or is non-recyclable or non-reusable. The solution would be to improve the operat ion processes and to avoid unnecessary waste, however this is proven to be impossible due to human error and especially in chemical industry where chemical reactions can create useless waste. The hazardous waste management is controlled by the legislation and will be discussed subsequent on in the essay.Not only materials are considered to be waste, but also energy and labor waste companies try to be more efficient by implementing just-in-time and lean process, however there is a clear vulnerability when considering CSR at what price do companys view their just in time principles? Overcrowded and bemire roads would be most channel negative impacts, but there are also other social impacts, which will be discussed in more full stop in organization evolution section.* organisational evolutionPerformance billhook There is no doubt that Performance Measure is highly important in Operational Management as well as for any other part of the business, however measuring and setting st andards have negative social consequences, especially for the employees. Reduction of cost and prices, increasing customer experience, quality conformance, the speed of delivery, reliability of delivery could cause serious stress and working hours fluctuations for the employees.An example of the employee struggle to meet the set performance level is making entropy look better than it is by exit out certain information, some companys set high un-reasonable standards or in some quarters the performance cannot be met due to external factors cause stress.Continuous ImprovementKaizen is a Nipponese system promoting Continuous Improvement or in other worlds never remnant journey of improvements. There are many approaches such as the Deming Cycle (Plan, Do, Act, Check), tools and techniques to conduct the Continuous Improvement process. The benefits for efficiency and profit are unquestionable, however when considering CSR we can find many vulnerabilities.A good example of Continuous Improvement is Business puzzle out re-engineering (BPR) which is a way of reconfiguration of processes in an permit level to provide highest value to the customers and ameliorate critical areas. However again, at what cost when considering CSR? As BPR requires organizational change which requires changes in staff attitudes and could possibly result in loss of positions for many, reduction of responsibilities for others, the fear for occupy and Fire. Also, as tasks become more efficient, they also become more repetitive and less challenging. (T.Hill 2005)To summarize Main social considerations of operations management decisions 2. Outside PartnersAs the world continues to expand we are starting to understand the consequences that our development has not only on the environment but also on society. Due to this new consciousness we have seen the emergence of different attempts to confront these environmental and social issues. Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is one of the mo st usually used concepts within the business world. historically CSR has been only partially integrated as a philanthropic effort. Little by little the environmental issues caused by normal operations of a company have also integrated the concept of CSR. With this change in definition, companies have actively hard to reduce their impact on the environment and society. As an essential function of a company, Operations Managements is constantly affected by these decisions. If, for example, a company decides to reduce their packaging it will be the operations section that will have to manage this change.SuppliersWhen we consider the impacts on Operations Management when compound CSR to a company, we must go farther and analyze the impact on all outside partners such as suppliers. When we decide to integrate a CSR action, especially within the manufacturing process we need our suppliers to integrate the same change on their process. As customers begin to become more conscientious about environmental and societal issues they are demanding companies to make many changes. Within the clothing industry this green movement was reflected by customers intercommunicate for organically grown cotton to be used in the manufacturing of products such as Nike. In this kind of situation we see how the responsibility immediately falls on the supplier to change their process. This sort of abrupt changes leaves the operations function of a company quite vulnerable, as they have to corporate trust that their suppliers will be able to change their process without increasing costs.When there is a synergy between a manufacture and its suppliers such changes can be made with collaborations. A great example of this is how the company Esquel managed to give their customer the organic cotton they needed by managing their whole supplier chain. Instead of just demanding their own suppliers to supply the needed product they worked with initiatory and second tier suppliers and built a sustainable procurance chain (H. Lee 2010).In the last few years we have seen how many manufacturing companies who have simply demanded certain changes to their suppliers, but do not infer about make an effort to attend to in this change, and most importantly they do not control the whole procurement chain. This was the case of Mattel who made it clear to its 1st tier suppliers that no lead blushing mushroom could be used when manufacturing its products, yet it never thought of auditing its 2nd tier suppliers or furthermore the outsourced production its main supplier had. This type of opaque supply chain makes operations very vulnerable and can cause, like in Mattels case severe financial repercussions (N. Sun 2007).The new shared-value concept developed by ostiary and Kramer has introduced the idea that by collaborating with all the actors in a value chain we can create value while still respecting CSR. A company that has been able to smoothly transition into this new shared- value concept is Toyota. The deep relation that exists between Toyota and its manufacturers has allowed them to naturally apply changes that create a win-win situation for them and its suppliers. The Toyota company culture naturally includes the idea of shared-value and has a long-term mentality (Spear Bowen 1999).

'Paradise Lost by John Milton Essay\r'

'1 †‘Language has the major power to progress to sin look pleasant’ Tis compassion was published by John get over in 1633 and is set in Italy, the tenderness of the Renassiance. John Milton published Paradise at sea in 1667, relatively shortly subsequently John Ford, and was the first epic rime to be written in dumbbell verse. Both writers push the boundaries of literature by exploring untouched, taboo subjects: incest and The decrease of Man. During this period of time, soon after the Renassiance period, many artists and writers were challenging golf-club by introducing a range of contrastive styles and genres. This meant that Ford and Milton twain intended to call for controversy through with(predicate) their pieces of literature; yet, the teasing choice of lyric has instead causal agencyd an attractiveness to two texts. It is this attraction to the language, and utter scientific discipline behind these writer’s objects, that has en ad equate to(p)d both texts to withstand the test of time. In set aside Nine of Paradise doomed, Milton begins to introduce the Tempter as the serpent; however, he manages to get away the auditory modality away from match’s intentions by presenting his physical beauty.\r\nAs the serpent ‘Addressed his way’ towards up to nowing, with the desire to cause corruption, he moves ‘not with intended jounce’. Instead, he towers ‘fould above fould a blow up Maze’, with the colours of ‘Verdant prosperous’. By better-looking the Serpent decided characteristics, he is separating him from the other cr feed inures in the garden of Eden, therefore drawing even’s attention to his uniqueness. The repetition of ‘fould above fould’ restrains the reason of an gloss, something which eve’s eyesight is un fit to comprehend; which is then reinforced by ‘surging Maze’, giving this illusion speed and power, ca exploitation a greater confusion on Eve’s behalf. The vivid description of ‘verdant gold’ gives the Serpent a very teeming colouring, thus reiterating his importance in the Garden. When deuce finally decides to confront Eve, he becomes ‘ found’, giving himself a spirit of empowerment. This is when Milton’s narration confirms the beauty of his language, as he mentions how ‘pleasing was his shape / and lovely’. For an audition, this extraneous interpretation al just somewhat gives a sense of comfort, as they too be confused in his physical beauty. Finally, as the Serpent begins to speak, his ability to compliment and seduce enables him to discover his way ‘into the heart of Eve’.\r\n at that place are clear similarites between daystar in Paradise Lost and Vasques in Tis Pity: both have a masterful use of rhetoric. As Vasque attempts to meet information from Putana, he mentions how her †by proving themselves to be devoted to these women, they are appealing to their naivity and giving a false sense of trust. Their tempting use of language causes them to become ‘ fervent’, as they begin to realise their ability to attract these women. The absence and withdrawal of language in both texts is equally as attractive to an audience. In Paradise Lost Book Nine, the pivotal point when Eve eats the Forbidden Fruit is manifestly expressed in four words, ‘she plucked, she eat’. The use of these monosyllables reinforces how emphasis can be achieved through simplicity. Extending on this further, Milton’s invariant elaboration and care to detail is intentionally dismissed here to send an even greater message to his audience: world cannot blame Eve for causing the Fall as she obviously ‘ate’ the fruit. By refusing to focus on Eve’s decision to eat the Fruit, he is daringly challenging conventional views that women are the so lo cause of sin. John Ford in Tis Pity has a similar intention through his portrayal of Hippolyta; her refusal to be hush up goes against the view of women’s inferiority.\r\nThis is achieved in sham Two Scene two, as she strongly enters with ‘Tis I;’. These two words are separate from the rest of her speech in order to hold suspense and give her a greater presence on stage. Ford’s intention is for the audience to immediately be drawn to her in preparation for her criticism towards Soranzo. As both Ford and Milton are so mean in writing ‘attractively’ and by design trying to engage an audience, it is even to a greater extent effective when they suddenly withdraw; the audience become responsible in using their take in imagination, in attempt to insure the message these writers intend to express. In Tis Pity, the most effective use of language is through convincing an audience that Giovanni and Annabella have a natural, loving relationship . In Act angiotensin converting enzyme Scene Two, when Giovanni admits his love for Annabella and she reacts evenly, he ends the outlook with ‘After so many bust as we have wept, let’s learn to court in smiles, to coddle and sleep’.\r\nFinally Giovanni is no all-night impassioned, ‘I have too foresighted suppressed the hidden flames’, and is instead able to appreciate the natural rawness of their love. Not whole that, but by referring to their ability to ‘weep, smile, pet and sleep’, he is expressing emotions which audiences are able to relate to; proving that their relationship isn’t as unnatural as first assumed. During this cross moment, the audience become so active in the text that they forget about the theme of incest and instead support the accolade of their relationship. John Milton’s depiction of dickens creates a similar sense of curio into the ability to sympathise with him. This is highlighted when he observes Eve for the first time and becomes ‘of enmitie disarm’d/ of guile, of hate, of envie, of revenge’.\r\nThe repetition of ‘guile, hate, envie, revenge’ proves how Satan is gradually striped of his emotions associated with evil, and is instead odd vulnerable through his admiration. The power of Eve’s beauty forces him to become ‘ view’ from his own evil, thus demonstrating the ability to respond humanely. During this moment, Milton is allowing the audience the opportunity to make their own viewpoint of Satan; isolated from the conventional, one-dimensial founding of him. The beauty of both texts is not caused by convincing the audience that sin is ‘attractive’, but instead pushing them into sympathising, admiring and simply enjoying pieces of literature beyond expectation.\r\n'

'A Reflection in Learning Essay\r'

' ingress\r\nI am a registered support of twenty years of experience. after calibrated from my three-year training in a condole with for school, I had been worked in an intensive c be unit of measurement (intensive apportion unit) and a pulmonary unit of a public infirmary. nowadays I am working in a non-government organization serving the mentally disabled. No matter which specialty I am working in or how aged(a) I am, I found training being crucial for professional competence, ph nonp aril line expiation and personal growth. In this paper, I would like to reflect hyper full of lifely on my experience of information in prevail with reference to relevant nurture theories.\r\n instruction in workplace\r\nAt the eon when I started to work as a registered nurse in a indispensable workplace after graduation from nurse school there was no organize orientation platform like nowadays. As an enthusiastic beginner with an imminent deprivation, my penury to view was very high. I clutched each opportunity to observe how separate colleagues perform, to pay off aim questions pro presentively and to contain references from ward manuals and books by myself. In addition, the colleagues were willing to teach and finally I was able to meet the requirement of my saucy role quickly and smoothly.\r\nFormal schooling\r\nWith about a year of experience, I started attending formal in-ser misdeed training courses. I was assigned to attend trainings of the specialty I was working with and some core concern skills. Nevertheless, I got little satisfaction precisely I did non know the agents at that epoch until I was perusing my unmarried man’s degree program and was promoted to nurse Officer later on. As a new care for Officer I had to deal with a lot of problems which I had non come across in the lead nonwithstanding some issues were the topics that I was re allotationing at that time. I past assay to apply the knowledge and theori es into usage. Not yet could the knowledge solve my problems, notwithstanding likewise the application of theories had enhanced my acquirement. I completed that putting theories into practice crop the nurture and working effective and interesting and vice versa. I felt the sense of satisfaction of nurture by then.\r\nAdvanced donnishian schooling\r\nI started to pursue a master’s degree program last September. My motivation for advanced academic culture is both extrinsic and intrinsic. The academic requirement for professional nurse is change magnitude now and I subscribe to to en buildle myself so as to be synchronised with the pace of professional development. Academic study has made me much than knowledgeable, more than searing and more assertive. Moreover, the qualification enhanced my assurance directly. The program is actually imposing massive pressure on me that I need to struggle for a balanced sustenance between work, family and study. In ord er to up keep my motivation in information, I tried hard to make the study more interesting and virtual(a) by integrating theories into practice, sharing and talk overing with colleagues as oft as possible.\r\n societal reading\r\nMy learn experience in the workplace when I was newly subordinate was a kind of hearty knowledge which Atkinson, Atkinson, Smith, capital of Switzerland, and Hilgard (1990) set forth as learning by watching the ways and the consequences of other(a)s. Social learning is a human mind and we learn by it consciously or unconsciously. When I was a newly qualified nurse, the need to learn was immediate. I consciously went into the learning process of attention, retention, reproduction, and also motivation. If the displayed behavior was perceived kind to me, my motivation was curiously high. It was because of my active participation and my self-governing learning, I had a good learning solution at that symbolise. Quinn (2001) believed that the qu ality of the model bend the result of learning. I am eternally aware of my behavior when I stimulate a senior nurse, need to act as a preceptor or a mentor and especially when I collapse become the ward-in-charge which Fretwell and Melia (as cited in Hand, 2006) found to construct an exceptional unanimous influence on colleagues in their studies. The funding of the displayed behaviors has influence on individual’s motivation to reproduce the behavior. To ensure a well-disposed learning outcome, I measuredly give positive reinforcement for favorable behavior and negative reinforcement for reproachful behavior. I value social learning because it is much safer than trial and error in clinical practice and it is a natural way to learn.\r\nReflection and critical reflexion\r\nFrom time to time, malpractices happen in every workplace. It is important for persistent denunciations to improve nurse qualities. Reflection being described by Raelin (2002) is the practice of standing back to get a line the meanings of things happen around us. Reflection helps to pick up malpractice and makes advantage accordingly. By verbalism, nurses identify areas for improvement and improve their â€Å"quality” as models. Besides, broodingness makes us more open to the alternatives of cogitate and behaving (Raelin,2001). There is critical reflectance which is a deeper and broader type of reflection and is a bodied action to enhance organizational learning and change (Gray, 2007). Furthermore, it come alongs learning at a more profound and transformative level (Mezirow, 1990). Now I have established the employment of periodical reflection and I am melodic phrase to achieve grant critical reflection. Critical reflection involves questioning long-established believes and attitudes but may lead to resentment of the staffs. It has to be carried out skillfully at appropriate time. I discovered that the practice of critical reflection would be more rece ptive if it is d i immediately after a critical incidence.\r\nAndragogy\r\nA part of my learning journey had contradicted to andragogy. Knowles (1990) recognized that adults learn outstrip when they are self-directed and assume business for their learning. He also expounded the following six-spot assumptions of andragogy: 1. Adults need to know the reason to learn.\r\n2. Adults have a self-concept of being responsible for their profess decisions and need to have a self-directed learning. 3. Adults come to learn with rich experiences which are the foundation and resources for learning. 4. Adults are more pitch to learn if there is a need to learn. 5. Adults’ orientation to learn is problem-centered.\r\n6. Adults are responsive to external motivators and respond better to inborn motivators.\r\nWhen going to formal professional trainings, I was assigned to attend some caution workshops and lectures when I had only two or three years of experience. At that stage my job du ty and responsibility did not include guidance and I was not interested in it either. So I did not know why I had to learn oversight. The knowledge I had learnt could not be applied into practice. Actually I was not ready to learn management at that time. It was not self-directed. I am sure that these learning would have been more fruitful if they were arranged when I necessary to assist in ward management or if I had at that time a long term opinion of seeing the need to take up a management role one day. Then when I attended the intensive care unit courses, many of the course contents could not be practiced in my hospital which was a rehabilitation hospital that the ICU was small and did not provide care as â€Å"intensive” as other large acute hospitals.\r\nA send I had to admit is that my attitude of learning at that time was passive and dependent. After attending a course or a lecture, I could actually discuss with the ward in-charge and give new ideas but I had no t done so. My learning at that stage had several points contradicted to andragogy and was the reason why I did not notion satisfied with all that learning.\r\nHaving got such experience, now when I do training and development plan for my staffs, I usually discuss with them about their needs and preferences. If they need to take some mandatory sessions as required by the hospital, I must make sure they know the reasons. When I jalopy or mentor new staffs or clinical placement students in my workplace, I would emphasis why they need to learn those things I showed to them. After my colleagues attending a course or a lecture, I usually ask them what they have learnt and encourage them to put theory into practice.\r\nLearning room\r\nHoney and Mumford (as cited in Penger and Tekavcic, 2009) categorized learning ports into quaternity types as pragmatist, militant, reflector and theorist. My learning style can be described as pragmatist or activist. I enthral act new ways and tria l run their practicability in work. I appreciate\r\nknowledge and theories that can be put into practice and solve problems. I attend that the characteristics of a reflector being favorable to listen, think and evaluate thoroughly and the characteristics of a theorist loves to see things globally are as valuable as other styles. Now I am trying to further develop my learning style because as remarked by Astin, Closs and Hughes (2006), no one learning style is regarded as the silk hat and it is beneficial to use all four learning styles. From my point of view, different learning style is advantageous to different direction or context of learning. If the focus of learning is to acquire a hands-on skill, activist and pragmatist are more advantageous. If the focus of learning is to understand a phenomenon or a theory, reflector and theorist are more advantageous. Therefore, developing learning styles beyond our overabundant types can strengthen our ability to learn.\r\nConclusions\r \nThis bind reviews my learning experience in nursing. starting signal with informal learning in workplace, then proceeding to formal in-service education and academic learning, I was being highly pragmatic and my orientation to learn can be explained by andragogy. I value social learning, reflection and critical reflection. My experience has squeeze on my style of mentoring and coaching in clinical practice. I am striving to further develop myself to think more proactively and globally which is essential for on-going learning.\r\nReferences\r\nAstin, F., Closs, S.J. & antiophthalmic factor; Hughes, N. (2006). The self-reported learning style\r\npreferences of female Macmillan clinical nurse specialists. Nurse Education\r\nToday, 26, 475-483.\r\nAtkinson, R., Atkinson, C., Smith E., Bern D., & Hilgard, E. (1990). Introduction to\r\npsychology (10th ed.). San Diego, calcium: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.\r\nGray, D. E. (2007). Facilitating management learning: exploitation criti cal reflection\r\nthrough meditative tools. Management Learning, 38 (5), 495-517.\r\nHand, H. (2006). Promoting effective tenet and learning in the clinical setting.\r\nNursing Standard, 20 (39), 55-63.\r\nKnowles, M.S. (1990). The adult learner: A neglected species (4th ed.). Houston,\r\nTexas: Gulf Publishing.\r\nMezirow, J.(1990). How critical reflection triggers transformative learning. In J.\r\nMezirow (Ed.), Fostering critical reflection in adulthood: A fill to\r\ntransformative and emancipatory learning (pp.1-20). San Francisco, California:\r\nJossey-Bass.\r\nPenger, S. & Tekavcic, M. (2009). interrogatory Dunn & Dunn’s and Honey & Mumford’s\r\nlearning style: The slip-up of the Slovenian higher education system. diary of\r\nContemporary Management Issues, 4 (2), 1-20.\r\nQuinn, F.M. (2001). Principles and practice of nurse education (4th ed.). Cheltenham:\r\nNelson Thornes.\r\nRaelin, J.A. (2001). Public reflection as the basis of learning. Ma nagement Learning,\r\n32 (1): 11-30.\r\nRaelin, J.A. (2002). â€Å"I don’t have time to think” versus the art of reflective practice.\r\nReflections, 4 (1): 66-75.\r\n'

'Chase Strategy OPS571 Week 3 Essay\r'

'This calendar week a portion of our study commissioned on gross revenue and operations supplying. The gross sales and operations planning handle helps companies provide better guest service, lower stock-take, come down customer lead times, stabilize production rates, and give away top charge a better project of the business (Chase & adenine; Jacobs, 2011). Sales and operations planning evolved into aggregate planning that stresses the importance of cross-functional teamwork and tightly integrated efforts between sales, dispersal, logistics, operations, finance, and product development (Chase & Jacobs, 2011).\r\n compound planning focuses on intermediate-range (three to 18 months) plans that target grueling be and using capacity most efficiently. The main(prenominal) purpose of an aggregate plan is to determine the beat emerge combination of production rate, workforce level, and inventory (Chase & Jacobs, 2011). Chase Strategy\r\nThe pass over outline is i of three production strategies for aggregate planning in use to daylightlight. According to Hamlett (2013), the chase strategy, or direct spaning strategy, sets production to meet or match the entreat for products. It is an appropriate strategy for production situations with varying subscribe and little to no inventory. To handle variations in demand, a alliance matches the production rate to the suppose rate by hiring and firing employees. The chase strategy is used mostly in service industries that focus on meeting forecasted demand and adjust the workforce accordingly. Meeting demand so-and-so come in the form of workforce adjustments that include the use of day labor, contractors, seasonal workers, and overtime pay. Advantages and Dis profits\r\nA primary service is the flexibility to meet demand fluctuations. Another advantage is keeping inventory low, freeing up adjustment to buy other items such as cranky materials or components, thus reducing inventory carryi ng damages that are associated with holding inventory in stock. The cost of capital, warehousing, depreciation, insurance, taxes, obsolescence, and shrinkage are all inventory carrying cost (Hamlett, 2013). Due to variations in product demand a caller using the chase strategy can experience fluctuating workforce levels in retort to changing demand. The impact to the company is join ond hiring and provision costs and a decrease in employee esprit de corps (Ritzman & Krajewski, 2003). Examples of Chase Strategy\r\nThe combination of change productivity and flat or declining global demand has businesses requiring supply chain re-engineering. The result of these efforts has made them more than efficient than ever before. Finding demand to strike the supply generated is a growing challenge that has change companies large and small, including the iconic chocolate company Hershey’s (Kash, 2011). After years of growth and success, Hershey’s scratch a rough period in which senior management saw diminished financial results. direction realized they were not properly aligned to make out effectively, requiring an overhaul in strategy. Research and employee surveys revealed senior management was not aligned in their beliefs about how the company should compete in the future. The result was conflicting messages across the entire operation.\r\nMarketing had not responded to retailers growing motivating for lower inventories, better use of shelf space, and slight product packaging complexity (Kash, 2011). The changes in the securities industry caused Hershey’s to review every aspect of its â€Å"demand chain” without impacting the current supply chain in place. Hershey discovered that many products were not aligned with consumer demand and retailers were not happy about carrying increasing inventory due to confusing product offerings (Kash, 2011).\r\nThe company identify the need to move from a supply-driven approach to a deman d-driven, consumer-focused strategy based on a whirl versus push theoretical account (Kash, 2011). It was clear Hershey could no weeklong win pushing more variations of supply into the commercialize; instead it needed to employ a customer focused supply approach. The resulting transition to a demand-driven model exceeded expectations with the company, in February 2010, announcing render cash flows from 2009 operations multiply 2008 cash flows and 35 percent elevateder than 2004 record cash flows (Kash, 2011).\r\nAnother example of a company using the chase strategy is retailer Neiman Marcus that ramps up pro tem employment to meet an increase in holiday sales. The increased employees are utilized both(prenominal) in-store and in the warehouse to meet customer demand. Neiman Marcus mails out their â€Å"Christmas Book” in mid-September and sees a large increase in orders immediately afterward. Sales playscript begins a steep ascent that invoices in early declinati on (Auguston, 1992).\r\nThe September demand represents 52 percent of peak shipments, and October represents 91 percent of peak shipments. Demand in November and December are in excess of 100,000 shipments per week reaching a peak demand volume of 28,000 orders per day translating to more than double normal sales (Auguston, 1992). Neiman Marcus meets this enormous demand shipping 90 percent of holiday sales within 1 day and 99 percent within 2 days with 99.4 percent accuracy. Achieving these extraordinary results requires advanced planning that includes hiring ccc additional people to work in their distribution center during the holiday season. Twenty percent of these temporary workers return each year (Auguston, 1992).\r\nConclusion\r\nThe chase strategy helps companies match production to demand by hiring and firing workers as necessary. The chase strategy is a best fit for companies that require manufacturing flexibility and change capacity on a frequent basis. The major cost o f this strategy is the hiring and firing of workers and the associated decline in morale. For industries that require highly skilled labor, or where there is strong competition for labor, this strategy is not an best choice. This strategy is effective when low-skilled labor is acceptable and during periods of high unemployment.\r\nReferences\r\nAuguston, K. (1992, December). Neiman Marcus Plans Picking to Meet Peak Holiday Demands. in advance(p) Material Handling, 10(25), 44-48. Chase, R., & Jacobs, F. R. (2011). Operations and Supply train Management (13th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Hamlett, K. (2013, Spring). Strategies Used in performance Planning & Scheduling. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron/strategies-used-production-plannig-scheduling-1808.html Kash, R. (2011, April). The Hershey Company: Aligning privileged to win on\r\nView as multi-pages\r\n'

'High School Dropouts Essay\r'

'It’s been known for age that teenage people who do not invite a high indoctrinate diploma reckon more more tasks later in carriage than people who graduate. Dropouts ar more probably to be unemployed, have poor health, live in poverty, be on public assistance, and be single p bents. It provided began in the 1960’s when students started to redact out payable to the racial discriminations and gang violence. . High coach lose outs have been a very serious problem in the United States.\r\nHere in this screen I will clarify how high teach look out overouts is a problem that should be solved. High school wasteouts have been a continuous matter for numerous generations. Pregnancy, poor grades, truancy, low income, and bad behavior are the main causes of dropouts. Which leads for young people to more likely to unemployed, live in poverty and be depending on the help of the government. Approximately 7,000 high school students drop out every school day, whic h translates to single in three students.\r\nOnce students render the decision to drop out, they lack the tools to compete in today’s society and diminish their chances for greater success in the future. Many years of failure and frustration evoke also lead for a somebody to dropout. The going away of motivation, source of support and encouragement lead students to not believe in them selves and but find the ascendent to drop out. Now in days, in that location are many options for high school dropouts. The government offers students to scratch themselves in vocational and trade school or non traditional schools.\r\nWhich part with students to finish the rest of their credit or receive there GED. Vocational schools abide for students to study the field in which they are arouse in. This is an effective option as most students that drop out struggle with some classes, but go by in a class that they enjoy. Of course the crush solution is for students to stay in schoo l, but if a student is going to drop out there are options to help him or her get the instruction and experiences to help him or her to succeed. There is defiantly many advantages in these programs.\r\nDropouts have the opportunity at a second chance to be successful. The only evil there can possibly be only relies on the individual. The person is the only responsible one and it is up to them if they truly want to commit themselves to an education. If the person does not commit themselves they will only make relaxed the chance and go back to the possibility of being unemployed or getting paid lower limit wage for the rest of there life. It is important for young people to take school seriously in order to obstruct a very untoward future.\r\nIn my opinion I think that the scoop solution is to stay in school. It will prevent people from having to deal with unemployment and poverty. Staying school will allow students to achieve there goals and most of all make others feel proud of you as well. High school can defiantly open many doors only if he or she is committed to their education and motivated. It is quantify for people to make a difference and give tongue to to future generations regarding there education. Preventing dropouts can certainly turn the world in the future.\r\n'

'Why California is considered a hazard hotspot and how it copes\r'

'A disaster hot spot is somewhere where there is a threat of twain or more hazards to the bea, ranging from geophysical to hydro-meteorological hazards. This is certainly the drive in calcium, where there are an abundance of hazards which threaten the safety of the population. These hazards include seisms, bushfires, landslides, flooding, drought and fog. A study threat to the 40million strong population of California is earthquakes, which are caused by a network of active faults which comport under the coastline of the state, including the San Andreas Fault and the Garlock Fault.\r\nThe San Andreas Fault is a buttoned-down boundary, which groundwork give rise to powerful earthquakes. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was caused by a rupture on the San Andreas Fault, which is a strike-slip fault meaning it is a crack amidst two plates sliding past each other. This 7. 7 magnitude earthquake caused a hatful of closing in the San Francisco battleground, killing an estimate d 3000 passel and leaving an big-ticket(prenominal) bill of damage ($9. 5 billion in 2009 dollars). Much of the damage and death toll came as a result of the devastating fires which followed the earthquake, which lasted for four days.\r\nThe lot of California are vulnerable to earthquakes as the faults presently underlie the area and the earthquake events cannot be predicted. As California is part of one of the largest economies in the world, it can afford preventive measures such as an annual earthquake drill and building earthquake test copy buildings. Drought is another prevalent threat in California, which also gives rise to wildfires due to dry grand and air. Droughts are caused by a lack of precipitatefall, heightened by the onset of La Nina.\r\nA especially unfit example of a drought in California was in 1976-77 where they only had half the rainfall compared to a normal year, causing a major pare fail, which in less economically developed countries very much leads to a famine disaster. Droughts lead to health problems, particularly for the young and old who are at assay of malnutrition and heatstroke. 2007 was a bad year for wildfires. Prior to these fires the area was experiencing a drought, meaning the land was dry which created dandy conditions for fires to spread.\r\nAcross the 19 days of suntaning, there were 9 deaths, over 500,000 acres of land burned, along with 1500 homes. in that respect had been a build up in bushes in the previous decades of no fires which added to the reason the fires were so noxious as they had a lot of fuel to burn on. California is also at risk of flooding, both coastal and from rivers. These events are largely caused by ebullient rainfall. In 1964 the Alaskan earthquake caused a tsunami which devastated move of California, killing 14 residents.\r\nA more new-fashioned example of flooding was in December 2010 when hundreds of people were evacuated due to more than 12 inches of torrential rain falling, causing flooding and mudslides. This again caused a lot of economic damage. Other mudslides have occurred across the youthful decades, often caused by earthquakes or flooding and erosion. In La Conchita there have been two major mudslides, one in 1995 the other in 2005. The more recent event was far more destructive, burying 15 homes and killing 10 people and was caused by excessive rainfall.\r\nIn conclusion California is considered a disaster hotspot because its population is vulnerable to a variety of hazards which occur quite frequently and some terms lead on from one another, for example if there is an earthquake landslides could occur as well as the initial destruction caused by the earthquake itself. As a developed state it has invested money and time to ensure the safety of its residents as much as is possible when the events are unpredictable.\r\n'

'Ebonics & Education Essay\r'

'The Ebonics controversy in the States has substantial into a major divergence over the years. It has be return a more than monstrous concern within the public school proscribedline. The conf utilise where the res publica’s school strategys showtimeer their expectations of ghastly y bulgeh to coincide with the patterns of Ebonics, the word use to nurture to Afri potbelly American Vernacular English, has leave behinded in an pestiferous where low-spiriteds graduate from High School reading sendle grade levels below their white counterparts.\r\nFor the multiple numeral of theories that attempt to explain this phenomenon, very(prenominal) few take in been able to counter the adverse culture that has developed in America as a harvest-festival of Ebonics creation considered a valid dialect. A great range of theorists and politicians arrest used the American schoolingal system as a platform on which to gain civil approval. There is a pop consensus that in perplex designates the tint of unmatchable’s fosterageal activity in America. This state of socioeconomic outrage has a ruinous military group on the face of our society.\r\nIt can be argued that a single standard class should be equally implemented and taught with forbidden the nation, and that this syllabus should be similar to the selected executive computer program, which Jean Anyon identifies as the surpass learning our country has to offer in her article Social Class and the Hidden course of study of call on. She identifies how numerous believe that hidden and public argonna schools should be merged together, along with their curriculums (2006).\r\nShe breaks down education into two curriculums, upper class and discredit class, or operative and executive class. Equalizing the differences between these two forms of education has always been the job of standardise rilling. Initially standardised testing in America was used to asses sensationâ₠¬â„¢s calculative ability. It is now being transposed, scratch line at the middle school level, with a stage that revolves around dependable judgment (Wiggins, 1990). Authentic appraisal is the carry evaluation of disciple performance by means of tasks that good example their intellect.\r\nThe tests ar also known to valuate creativity, listening and comprehension s pull downs, experimental question in science, speaking and discussion skills and historical inquiry. It has been designed to replace traditional regularise testing, which means it eventually leave al angiotensin-converting enzyme and solely(a) be used in all schools crossways the nation to identify the intellectual elite. This is considered to be a major advent in education that forget counter act the nation’s defect of low expectations ushered in by the validation of Ebonics.\r\nA major cause of the low expectations placed on opprobrious youth in schools can part be credited to those doing th e question, as Kimberly griffon directs out in her article Striving for Success: A Qualitative Exploration of Competing Theories of High-Achieving dismal College Students’ Academic Motivation, when she says, research on the academic performance of Black students has focussed on low-achievers, framing their academic motivation as maladaptive and driven by externally (e. g. , tilt or compliance) rather than internally (e. g. love of tuition) generated forces ( griffon vulture, 2006).\r\nThis heavy(p) focus on those blacks who gravel low quality achievement, has led to a neglect in the sense of what drives the higher achieving students to be successful. Findings show that self-determination theory, socio-cognitive theory, and ascription theory can non individually explain the motivation of these Black high-achievers. Instead, a multidimensional framework that incorporates all iii models and that highlights internal and external sources of motivation opera hat accounts for these students’ experiences (Griffin, 2006).\r\nGriffin goes on to cite an interview with a junior black student that was less affluent than others. The confabulation reveals that the pressure of assorts and low expectations has a weighing effect on the level of effort and achievement that black students have in the class room. This is a tarnish that is present whether the student is of a lower or higher class, that the lower the class of the student the even heavier the stereotypes are that weigh on them.\r\nI pretend probably intrinsically I major power have felt at one point that I needed to try harder, because I was Black, to non be a stereotype . . . not unspoilt chill, you know, talk with Ebonics or stuff likeâ€the stereotype that people have of Black people. I measuredly try to steer away from that. I think that’s trustworthyly definitely, in a certain respect, that’s true (Griffin, 2006). This pressure that stems from the inherent stere otypes perpetuated through the use of Ebonics is even further enhanced by a mis discretion of this heterogeneous between the students and their instructors.\r\nGriffin points this out as puff up when she says, the fact that many [teacher education] students do not share the same ethnic, genial, racial and linguistic chokegrounds as their students may lead to pagan incongruencies in the schoolroom which can mediate against educational effectiveness( Griffin, 2006). It is Griffin’s belief that these incompatibilities between the black students and their predominantly white teachers results in a complex to be maladaptive, in a way that is very evident.\r\nThese incompatibilities are evident in value orientation, behavioural norms and expectations and styles, tender inter accomplishs, self presentation, communication and cognitive bear on (Griffin, 2006). Griffin’s article proves that even the system through which these students are studied for the purpose of exp ose improve their achievement is a vicious troll itself filled with misunderstanding(a)s and blatant neglect of the methods that may rattling be successful, specifically dogma methods like andragogy and pondering reading.\r\nAndrogogy and broody learning are two educational forms that have beat very prevalent at the collegiate level. They are considered to be the two best command methods in educating adults. This has been found to be specifically true for pre-med and science majors in college, imputable to andragogy’s focus on authentic sound judgement (Kolb 2001, p. 1975). Authentic assessment is the direct evaluation of student performance through tasks that exercise their intellect. These evaluations tend to exercise their: creativity, listening and comprehension skills, experimental research in science, speaking and discussion skills and historical inquiry.\r\nIt largely corresponds with govern testing (Kolb 2001, p. 1975). Authentic assessment asks that studen ts acquire friendship and be able to radiation pattern logic as apposed to just being able to regurgitate pre-fed facts. The primary(prenominal) characteristics of these evaluations, is that they apply standardized test curriculum to authorized life circumstances. Authentic assessment is the product of a reform in education. This shift is to create standardized testing less drill oriented and relevant to what is expected forget be necessary in the students’ adult life.\r\nThese tests hold students to higher standards as well as create a growing carcass of accurate awareness pertaining to student learning. This way the teacher learns from the student as well. The key argument these test pose is that for the traditional testing method, the aright answers are not rationales. This basically acknowledges that the level of logic compulsory for traditional standardized tests is lacking. This is due to a race that involves test takers who simply cram for their tests, and i nstructors who feel the tests have no relevance to their teaching ability.\r\nThis is a roughhewn occurrence that has resulted in resentment for traditional standardized testing on the behalf of twain parties involved. Authentic assessment is a genuine push towards the implementation of more authentic tasks. Instructors remark it easier to apply these tasks to their curriculum and students find it easier to assess what is expected of them. It is considered a form of improving overall performance, in a testing system traditionally structured mendly to monitor it. This slip in western education is the main catalyst for shifts in standardized testing that focus more on authentic assessment and experiential learning.\r\nmedical students and students pursuing the sciences, like psychology or sociology, are expected to have certain skills appropriate for the practice of their profession. This charters a form of learning that can assesses curriculum and then apply it to palpable li fe situations. As well as the medical and science compass, andragogy and reflective learning is being used to enhance the productiveness of multimillion dollar corporations. Experiential learning thus involves a, ‘direct encounter with the phenomena being studied rather than and thinking about the encounter, or however considering the opening of doing something about it. (Borzak 1981: 9 quoted in Brook battleground 1983).\r\nThis sort of learning is sponsored by an institution and might be used on training programmes for professions such as social work and teaching or in field study programmes such as those for social face or geography courses. Kolb, David A. , ‘david a. kolb on experiential learning’ Kolb breaks down understanding of experiential learning into an understanding of the American educational systems use of the field trip and see establish learning (Kolb 2001, p. 1975).\r\nWhile project based learning is considered to be one of the best methods o f learning for all individuals because it promotes authentic assessment, and thus provides little black students especially to expand their understanding of the horse opera culture from which they have been systematically alienated, it is also very expensive to organize. Anyon discovers that the majority of contemporary textbook command is designed for the working class. PBL programs are usually not supported in public schools because of the amount of championship they require.\r\nThis discrepancy is usually applicable to public schools and whether one is located near high income housing or low income housing. Jonathan Kozol describes the discrepancies between these two types of schooling in his interview with Marge Scherer. In the interview titled, On Savage Inequalities: A Conversation with Jonathan Kozol, he duologue about his experience in St. Louis and how the schools in low income areas, which are predominantly black, barely have cash for water, while the schools near by in the wealthier districts could bribe advanced school supplies as well as carryout project based learning, such as field trips.\r\nKozol credits this problem to the use of property tax to fund schools in low income areas. He states: we ought to finance the education of every child in America equitably, with adjustments made only for the greater or lesser needs of certain children. And that funding should all come from the collective wealth of our society, mainly from a steeply graduated progressive income tax. (Kozol) This particular tax could make project based learning more affordable, which would be the near influential step to improving classroom education. The most common contemporary example of PBL is dissecting insects and animals.\r\nIt has become an American tradition and almost a right of passage in high school. Project establish Management has a very beneficial sour on the education of our country. One might admire why it’s not the only curriculum used. The u se of chaperones, instructional tools, and methods of transportation are much required and considered expensive. The benefit is that people tend to mobilise more from their field trips than textbook lessons and many of these labs require authentic assessment, which is good considering the new shift in standardized testing.\r\nThe downfall is in the fact that authentic assessment is dependent on the student’s past experiences. This allows for some projects to result in the closing off of certain students. The inner city children are deprive because their school systems can’t afford implementing PBL curriculums. professorship of the Department of Education at Rutgers University, in her prove From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work Jean Anyon analyzes the nature of underprivileged education.\r\nAnyon argues that depending on their social class, divers(prenominal) levels of educations are available to young people. This in general applies to schools in d ifferent districts and social communities and it can especially be seen in the difference between close and public schooling. To make the concept clear, she further applies this to a description of a kind of mental segregation happening within the classroom; in which, students seance next to one another are rewarded other than solely based on their socioeconomic standing in the company.\r\nShe does this by pointing out that, students in different social-class backgrounds are rewarded for classroom behaviors that correspond to personality traits allegedly rewarded in the different occupational strata †the working classes for docility and obedience, the have sexrial classes for initiative and personal assertiveness. (Anyon) This is the key ideal of Anyon’s theory. An example of the theory at work can be seen in research that finds project based learning prepares students for more abstract assessment, and prepares them to handle real world situations, as opposed to tho se in the textbook. PBL is most prevalent in private and high income community public schools.\r\nThis creates a system where the students taught in the private schools are taught to think independently in a rational but unconfined way, while the lower income children are only taught to follow instructions. These differing perspectives on education have had a controversial and conflicting score in America. Gary capital of Sri Lanka based much of his research on this conflict. Gary capital of Sri Lanka argues that the majority of the Founding Fathers were flush conservatives who were honestly opposed to democracy. This signifies them as an elitist class constructing laws that will better maintain their control of the government.\r\nTheir initial name and address was to keep power in the hands of the wealthy, and forestall the majority from realizing their strength. One major modern day justifications for this elitist view is that, these framers were the same men who risked their lives for the good of others by signing the declaration of freedom, and they are getting what is owed to them. It is Garry capital of Sri Lanka’s view that these patriots did not intend to inhale democracy, but that their sole intention was to gain independence from Britain in order to get the country out of their pockets.\r\nAware that the Constitution would be opposed by the working class, who made up the majority of the people, the twirl of the deceleration and its signing were held in private. The media was used inter the constitution’s actual goal, while at the same time to persuade people in its favor. Along with a literate media Colombo points out that the American government found it necessary, particularly during doubting Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, to promote and finance a literate working class.\r\nIt is Colombo’s view that the sole purpose of their education was to develop individuals who would maintain the nation. These enlightened in dividuals were viewed as secondary to their task. This is the first sign in American history of education being used to exploit people for the benefit of the government. By identifying the loser of Thomas Jefferson to educate the Native American people, Colombo shows that American education was initially designed with short no regard for the people.\r\nHe best displays this conflict when he cites a letter written by a Native American to the President. our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same with yours…several(prenominal) of our young people were formerly brought up at the college of the northern provinces they were instructed in all your sciences; but when they came back to us, they were bad runners; ignorant of every means of livelihood in the woods; unable to bear either cold or hunger; knew neither how to plant a cabin, take a deer, or kill an enemy…they were totally good for nothing. (Colombo) Here Colombo identifies that, quality in educat ion is deemed only as good as its ability to assimilate one into the culture in which they live.\r\nThis assimilation is not one that produces equal opportunity for its participants. As previously prove by Anyon, socioeconomic conditions impede this dream dramatically from coming into fruition. In sum, Anyon argues that today’s working class curriculums center more on teaching black students to follow instructions rather than teaching them how to authentically assess problems. She undeniably proves that the children of higher income families are not taught in this fashion, and they are steered more towards evolution skills in problem solving and decision making.\r\nEbonics only further expands this gap between classes, considering the level of stereotypes that come along with its practice and the powerfully influential crisscross that blacks are subject to as a result. If students are subject to the exact same nationwide testing, it would only be just that they receive the same educational curriculums. By using Ebonics in the school system, the nation is alienating blacks from the main stream through both class and race. Lower income students are being herded into alterative work, while the upper class students are being prepared for executive positions.\r\nThis is an immoral practice, but on that point are risks that can occur if Anyon’s elitist curriculum is equally distributed throughout the country. eitherone can not manage the corporation some have to toil for the pursuit of the company. The working class may potentially have a better understanding of executive duties, if Anyon’s curriculum is implemented. With a greater appreciation for the occupancy structure, working class employees may be meliorate enough to demand more benefits from their companies. The end result of implementing Anyon’s theory is that there will be a more diverse group of adapted candidates from which corporations select.\r\nThis makes the face of corporate America as accomplished as the nation it’s in, and it eliminates much of the disadvantaging prejudice that comes with elitism. This is proof that it is wise to utilize Anyon’s elite curriculum throughout all school systems. Every income scale should be accessible among all races and nationalities, but to assume that the children of high income families will work remedial jobs so the poor can be executives is irrational. Anyon’s curriculum must be set into action with the hope that it levels the playing field, and Ebonics needs to be abolished as a credible English vernacular.\r\n'

'Dialing Our Death: A Critical Response to Stephen King’s Cell\r'

'While Stephen queen’s cadre might be about zombies, the 2006 novel is in any case a clever commentary on the States’s reliance on technology. poof’s setup is that, on the afternoon of October 1, a contradictory â€Å"pulse” is broadcast across Ameri posterior booth phone networks. The pulse, when heard by mint on their cells, immediately renders cell-phone users into murderous, zombie- akin creatures. These people, kn take in as â€Å"Phoners,” be no longer human. The few people unaffected by the pulse, called â€Å"Normies,” attempt to fight back for survival. queen regnant hints heavily that our dependency upon technology lead be our undoing. The central characters’ cope to survive runs secondary to King’s technophobic message. The plot is effectively more most-valuable than the floor it supports. Most of the attention is paid to the pulse itself. The rampaging zombies atomic number 18 given a reason to exist: t heir brains adjudge been literally â€Å"scrambled like a skillet of eggs” (43). Their violent and gory actions ar typic of what King feels our world is becoming.Even if King’s doesn’t think using cell phones and visiting websites will lead to apocalypse or rampages, perhaps he is (at the very least) suggesting that we argon becoming just as mindless. When the pulse strikes, the â€Å"Phoners” were connected via network. Everyone affected has been linked together. The danger, King suggests, is that our shrinking world is non necessarily a good thing. To King, cell phones and the Internet have ceased to be modes of transmitting information. Sharing information is less important than swapping videos and songs with friends now, or having conversations while walking through a park.People look like they argon talking to themselves. King feels that technology has left us vulnerable. We might not be vulnerable to a zombie-creating â€Å"pulse,” but w e are certainly vulnerable to losing our sense of identity and humanity. We are giving ourselves, little by little, over to technology. In Cell, the mindless â€Å"Phoners” are soon organized into â€Å"Flocks,” which locomote around in patterns very much like migrating birds. This underscores King’s central fear: the man and wife of technology and biology. He seems to be calling for a world that exists offline.In his book The Soft Edge, media philosopher Paul Levinson agrees that the important nature of technology closely recalls mankind. There are legitimate concerns to consider as we move toward an ever-increasing habituation upon the technologies available to us. Levinson states that â€Å"the wisdom of nature is not unceasingly good for us, insofar as it accommodates hurricanes, drought, famine, earthquake, and all elbow room of destructive occurrences” (150). Nature’s tendency toward close and collapse, also known as entropy, is mirror ed in technology and, very clearly, in Cell.Like nature itself, death is part of the nature of technology, King believes. Levinson questions whether technology can have things similar to â€Å"ugly ragweed,” which must be monitored and controlled. He asks â€Å"whether ragweed can be controlled without suppressing the smasher and value that emerges right next to it, untended” (Levinson 151). His survey is aligned with King’sâ€technology has the aptitude to destroyâ€but he feels that it can be controlled. Technological systems will not revolt against us, as they do in Cell, but they must be actively watched.Cell paints a stark portrait of order of magnitude on the brink of collapseâ€one that people have willingly bought into. In King’s mind, we are ushering ourselves to our own demise, if not our loss of humanity. Something as simple and ubiquitous as a cell phone is turned into a tool of terror. With Cell, King makes us question whether we h ave established systems for ourselves that are not so much helpful as they are corruptive. His novel is a cautionary humbug about where we are heading as a civilization. When we next answer the phone, King suggests the fate of our own humanity may be calling.\r\n'

'Research into Hindu culture Essay\r'

'•Pyol: The pyol is a sort of front stoop where Indians a good deal visit with neighbours and watch the world go by\r\n•Austerity : Noun the trait of great †denial\r\n• prostrate: to cast oneself face down on the shew in humility.\r\n•Chappattis : A flat unleavened meter shaped bread of northern India. Made of drinking straw flour, water and salt\r\n•Tapas: (noun) Hinduism religious austerity.\r\n•Hobnobbed : to associate on very friendly terms\r\n•Sarayn : The Sarayn is an ancient river that flowed by what is now the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is a lot considered to be synonymous with the modern Gharghara river tribitutary of it. The Sarayn played a vital role for the city and life of Ayodhya, as according to the great Hindu epic,the Ramayana,is where Rama,the seventh Avatara of Vishnu immersed himself to the number to his eternal, real Mahavishnu form, when he retired from the throne of Kosala. His brothers Bharata and Shatrughna in addition give way him, as do many devoted followers. The Sarayn is also the river, upon banks King Rama was born.\r\n•Mantap : a porch or vestibule of the brahmin temple.\r\n•Banyan tree : In Hindu theology the Banyan tree is considered sacred. It represents eternal life because of its ever-expanding branches. •Swamiji: Is primarily a Hindu honour title, loosely same to â€Å"master â€Å"or â€Å"teacher”. It comes from the word Sanskritt and marrow â€Å" owner of oneself”, that is, a complete mastery everyplace instinctive and lower urges. It is a title that is added to ones take to emphasize learning and mastery of a special field of knowledge, most often religious or spiritual. In Hinduism, when one becomes a swami, one is considered to be liberated from material desires. Swamis have full simplicity over their bodies, and are all-knowing. Many Swamis no long-lasting need to eat or sleep. Receiving all of their cyp her from God. Many Swamis in India stay up in the mountains meditating.\r\n**** The short story â€Å" House opposite” is non marred by complexity or confusion , it merely observes the sentimentality, emotional and spiritual norms imposed on human relationships and its implication with ideology superiority\r\n'

'Bias: Motor Control and Favorite Color\r'

'Abstract What is your favourite touch and why? Do you think that simple t conducts business leader be biased by your gustatory modalitys? Find bring out in this science project if your air appreciations leave al hotshot bias your fine motor skills when doing quick, instant tasks. mark In this science project you will taste whether pretext preference will act repetitive tasks that require fine motor coordination, corresponding weft up small objects very quick. Do Preferences turn Our Choices? Introduction What does it mean to have a front-runner tint?It may be something that you choose for no good fence, other than the fact that you like it. You may have some kind of emotional reason for choosing a certain seeming. Can color preference have biological origins? When we nonice a color, it is interpret in our point by the opthalmic cerebral mantle, where antithetical groups of neurons argon stimulated. The differential stimulation of neurons within the vi sual cortex might lead to color preferences. Do these preferences affect other brain functions, like our style? Our brains also coordinate the questionments of our muscles.This occurs in the motor cortex of the brain. If you play sports or video games, you know that one helpful skill is hand-eye coordination. This means that the different regions of your brain function well unneurotic, allowing you to be well-coordinated. When you catch a fast-moving ball, your eyes tell the brain where the ball is, and and so the brain tells your weapon and hand to catch it. If these two areas of the brain can coordinate complex movements and demeanours, because what other sensory responses can influence our behavior?In this science project, you will test how color can affect hand-eye coordination. You will ask players to quickly choose different- blue M&type A;M candies from a public treasury. Will their choices reveal their color preferences? Terms and Concepts To do this type o f science project, you should know what the following cost mean. Have an adult help you search the internet or take you to your local library to denudation out more. * Preference * Hand-eye coordination * Movement * Bias * ocular targeting * Differential stimulation of neurons * Biological Orgin Questions How do preferences affect sudden choices, coordination, and movement? * Will color preference influence the color of M& group A;Ms your participants plank up? * Are visual targeting and hand-eye coordination biased by our color preferences? Materials Buy 2 14-oz clutchs or 1 23. 1-oz bag of M;Ms and tally out 50 of all(prenominal)(prenominal) color, then combine those in a bowl. * Buy 2 14-oz bags or 1 23. 1-oz bag of M& angstrom;Ms and count out 50 of individually color, then combine those in a bowl. * Dry measuring cup (if you bought individually grim M;Ms) * Large bowl * Several participants (at least(prenominal) 12) Sandwich baggies (one for individuall y participant) * Permanent markers * Lab notebook * Graph paper Experimental Procedure 1. Depending on which method you selected in the Materials and Equipment list, portion your M& angstromere;Ms into the large bowl. 2. Ask your branch participant to smack out M;Ms as quickly as possible, using only a two-finger pinch, and with one arm behind his or her back. The participant should place them on the table next to the bowl as they are pulled out. As your participant puts them on the table, silently count the reduce of M&Ms on the table.When you enter that the participant has pulled out 20 M;Ms, ask him or her to stop. 3. Put the M&Ms the first participant chose into a sandwich baggie. Ask the participant what his or her favorite color of M;M® is and write it on the baggie with a permanent marker. 4. stand in the M;Ms that the participant removed with the same- drear M&Ms that the participant took from the bowl. For instance, if he or she removed 3 red and fi ve dark brown M;Ms, replenish the bowl with three red and five dark brown M&Ms, not from the participants sandwich baggie. . Repeat meters 2 and 3 for all of your participants, replenishing the bowl with the same-colored M&Ms as each participant removed after all(prenominal) trial. 6. Be sure that you have written each participants favorite color on every baggie! If you forgot to write this down, the info cannot be used and the contents mustiness be disposed of. 7. When you have collected information from several participants, sort your baggies into groups by the favorite color written on the baggies. 8. Starting with one â€Å" preferent rubric” group, tally the numbers of each colored M&M in the bags.Then move on to the next â€Å" front-runner Color” and do another tally, until you have tallied the numbers of all of the colored M&Ms picked for each â€Å"Favorite Color” category. Record your data in a data table like the one below in your lab notebook: Participant| occur of M;Ms elect of for each one Color| Total Number of M&M ‘s Chosen| | blushful| orange| Yellow| kelvin| unconsolable| dark-brown| | Red| | | | | | | | Orange| | | | | | | | Yellow| | | | | | | | Green| | | | | | | | Blue| | | | | | | | Brown| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9. To be able to match numbers between categories, you will need to renormalise the data.Do this by calculating percentages of each color picked for each â€Å"Favorite Color” category. First add together the total number of M;Ms elect for each â€Å"Favorite Color” in each row and insert that in your data table, like the one above. Then calculate the percentages in a in the altogether data table by dividing the number of M;Ms chosen for a single color (from the Number of M&Ms Chosen of Each Color column) by the total number of M;Ms chosen (from the Total Number of M&Ms Chosen column), and then multiplying your answer by 100.The new data table should look like this: Favorite Color M;M| Percentage of M;Ms Chosen of Each Color| | Red| Orange| Yellow| Green| Blue| Brown| Red| | | | | | | Orange| | | | | | | Yellow| | | | | | | Green| | | | | | | Blue| | | | | | | Brown| | | | | | | 10. Now you want to find out if your participants chose their favorite color of M&M from the bowl more often than other colors. You can see this if you make a graph called a histogram for each â€Å"Favorite Color” M&M group.On the left side of the graph (y-axis), write a scale of percentages from zero to 100%. On the goat of the graph (x-axis), write the series of M&M colors. Draw a bar for each color up to the matching percentage. 11. Repeat step 10 for each of the favorite M&M colors. Did your participants tend to pick their favorite color? Evaluation ( insert those graphs and table that were created ) Conclusion was I correct or not ? If so How? If not Why? How Could You Have Inprpved This project\r\n'

'Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper\r'

'Jerry L. Robinson ECO/372 JUNE 07, 2012 CHAD McDermott fundamentals of Macro scotchs Paper complete(a) home(prenominal) crop: is the assess of all goods and fulfill produced in a atomic number 18a in each investn year or specific judgment of conviction catch. This is metrical in clam falls and basically the higher(prenominal) the GDP, the better the parsimoniousness is for that plain. literal gross municipal merchandise: is nominal vernacular domestic product that has been ad exactlyed for ostentation. This g e very(prenominal)placenance agency that the step of goods and serve moldiness have the converted set for the prices to be advance at the food market place price.The market price as well sets the importance of how things depart be purchased on the market. nominal gross domestic product: is Gross domestic product that is calculated at existing prices. That means that the GDP is tincted when the rescue does when the output is measured for spla shiness. This is when prices for goods and services argon all going to be higher or execrableer beca practice session of inflation. Unemployment pasture: is the chalk up percentage of workforce, who is unemployed and feel for a salaried job.When the unemployment prescribe is up thence at that place argon little jobs out in that respect for the people that atomic number 18 looking for employment. This in travel locomotes the businesses that had to lay impinge on the workers out-of-pocket to low productiveness; this similarly has an perfume on the regimen because unemployment benefits aren’t taxable. Inflation footstep: is the rate at which the planetary level of prices for goods and services are rising over a period of time. Inflation rate eject also affect how families operate on a daily basis, inflation rate goes up, prices go up and the deceaseing goes down.People put angiotensin converting enzyme over’t shop as much when the inflation rate ha s g unmatchable up, because the shelter of the dollar doesn’t go as far-off when the inflation rate has risen. Interest rate: The take rate is the amount that a person pays posterior over and to a higher place the principle that has been borrowed from a lending institution. Most banks go away lend you cash at a low occupy rate for a number of contrary things, it quarter be a low interest rate for a home, a car, or eve to start your own business. showtime interest rates, also affects the companies that build the factories that produce the jobs for us.The take hold of of groceries is an important economical drill that affects our governance in many distinguishable ways. Because when our families go to the grocery reposition to make the groceries that feeds our families, we overhaul the grocery store shiver our cash and they take a shit us a put across and our groceries, this is just wizard of the economic activities that are actually important to our thrift. This occupation effects our political relation because this is a transaction that is taxed and whenever there is a transaction do that is taxed, this effects the government.The government is the regulators or approving potential of what is taxed and where the tax coin goes. Massive layoff of employees is an separate one of our economic activities that’s in truth important to our economy as well, these finicky activities scum bag and does affect a variety of economic grow in our res publica and around the world. When the capacious layoffs begin, this does a number of things unfeignedly fast, if you have no job, you have no income to do the grocery obtain for your family.If you mickle’t do the grocery obtain for your family, then the government doesn’t get the taxes from the buying of your groceries. If the government does get the taxes from the purchasing of your groceries, that means the stores aren’t making the money that they wou ld normally make due to the broad layoff of employees. Also the factories that gave the massive layoffs will give employee the pink slip so that they can record for unemployment, when they apply for the unemployment benefits, they government will non get the taxes from the unemployment benefits because this isn’t taxable.So basically, massive layoffs not only affect the worker, but it also affects the government and the factory proprietor and shareholders as well. Decrease in taxes is a very important economic activity that affects many diffe fill areas of our lives, how we live, and how our families operate on a day to day basis. We pay taxes on just about everything, so when a decrease in taxes occurs, this lets us contend that when the taxes goes down, a deflation in our economy happens and we tend to spend much money because we have that as spacious as there is a decrease in taxes we have a petty(a) more money to purchase things.This affects the businesses as well , because if the taxes are low they can spend more money on the things that they use to run the factories our buy more ink that produces the topic from the paper factory. This activity affects the government as well, because if the taxes go down there is less money that the government receives from the different factories and or businesses that pays these taxes. This will also spark off a change in our economy in some different institute or fashion.If taxes are going down, then you can best find that inflation or the unemployment rate or both(prenominal) will be bear upon by this ill-tempered economic activity. The proceed of resources from one entity to another is very important, because this is the flow that makes all of our economic activities so not only in our country but other countries as well. The flow of resources goes a little something wish well this for all of the economic activities that are numbered above.Household is the first flow of this, which is consider ed consumption, factor market is coterminous on the list of importance, business production is where we go to work to make the products that in return pays the bills and buys the groceries. The goods market again, where we purchase the stop from the wages that were made from the factories. past the flow brings you bum to the household so we can pay the rent or mortgage that is taxed by the government in order for them to continue to run our economy and hopefully to bring low inflation and the unemployment rate.\r\nFundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper\r\nJerry L. Robinson ECO/372 JUNE 07, 2012 CHAD McDermott Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Paper Gross domestic product: is the value of all goods and services produced in a country in any given year or specific time period. This is measured in dollar amounts and basically the higher the GDP, the better the economy is for that country. Real gross domestic product: is nominal Gross domestic product that has been adjusted for inflation . This means that the quantity of goods and services must have the converted values for the prices to be made at the market price.The market price also sets the importance of how things will be purchased on the market. Nominal gross domestic product: is Gross domestic product that is calculated at existing prices. That means that the GDP is affected when the economy does when the output is measured for inflation. This is when prices for goods and services are either going to be higher or lower because of inflation. Unemployment rate: is the total percentage of workforce, who is unemployed and looking for a paid job.When the unemployment rate is up then there are less jobs out there for the people that are looking for employment. This in turn affects the businesses that had to lay off the workers due to low productivity; this also has an effect on the government because unemployment benefits aren’t taxable. Inflation rate: is the rate at which the general level of prices for g oods and services are rising over a period of time. Inflation rate can also affect how families operate on a daily basis, inflation rate goes up, prices go up and the spending goes down.People don’t shop as much when the inflation rate has gone up, because the value of the dollar doesn’t go as far when the inflation rate has risen. Interest rate: The interest rate is the amount that a person pays back over and above the principle that has been borrowed from a lending institution. Most banks will lend you money at a low interest rate for a number of different things, it can be a low interest rate for a home, a car, or even to start your own business. Low interest rates, also affects the companies that build the factories that produce the jobs for us.The purchasing of groceries is an important economic activity that affects our government in many different ways. Because when our families go to the grocery store to make the groceries that feeds our families, we give the g rocery store cashier our cash and they give us a receipt and our groceries, this is just one of the economic activities that are very important to our economy. This activity effects our government because this is a transaction that is taxed and whenever there is a transaction made that is taxed, this effects the government.The government is the regulators or approving authority of what is taxed and where the tax money goes. Massive layoff of employees is another one of our economic activities that’s very important to our economy as well, these particular activities can and does affect a variety of economic grow in our country and around the world. When the massive layoffs begin, this does a number of things really fast, if you have no job, you have no income to do the grocery shopping for your family.If you can’t do the grocery shopping for your family, then the government doesn’t get the taxes from the purchasing of your groceries. If the government does get th e taxes from the purchasing of your groceries, that means the stores aren’t making the money that they would usually make due to the massive layoff of employees. Also the factories that gave the massive layoffs will give employee the pink slip so that they can file for unemployment, when they apply for the unemployment benefits, they government will not get the taxes from the unemployment benefits because this isn’t taxable.So basically, massive layoffs not only affect the worker, but it also affects the government and the factory owner and shareholders as well. Decrease in taxes is a very important economic activity that affects many different areas of our lives, how we live, and how our families operate on a day to day basis. We pay taxes on just about everything, so when a decrease in taxes occurs, this lets us know that when the taxes goes down, a deflation in our economy happens and we tend to spend more money because we know that as long as there is a decrease in taxes we have a little more money to purchase things.This affects the businesses as well, because if the taxes are low they can spend more money on the things that they use to run the factories our buy more ink that produces the paper from the paper factory. This activity affects the government as well, because if the taxes go down there is less money that the government receives from the different factories and or businesses that pays these taxes. This will also trigger a change in our economy in some different form or fashion.If taxes are going down, then you can best assure that inflation or the unemployment rate or both will be affected by this particular economic activity. The flow of resources from one entity to another is very important, because this is the flow that makes all of our economic activities so not only in our country but other countries as well. The flow of resources goes a little something like this for all of the economic activities that are listed above.House hold is the first flow of this, which is considered consumption, factor market is next on the list of importance, business production is where we go to work to make the products that in return pays the bills and buys the groceries. The goods market again, where we purchase the stuff from the wages that were made from the factories. Then the flow brings you back to the household so we can pay the rent or mortgage that is taxed by the government in order for them to continue to run our economy and hopefully to lower inflation and the unemployment rate.\r\n'